CRITICAL REALISM IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
Ada empat cara untuk memahami filsafat ilmu sosial dan cara ini saling melengkapi: mempelajari paradigma filsafat besar periode sebelumnya; mengkaji isu dan masalah yang dihadapi peneliti dan pesaingnya; mempelajari gerakan spesifik para peneliti yang membawa sudut pandang dalam filsafat; dan menganalisis masalah filosofis yang muncul dalam setiap cabang ilmu sosial. Artikel ini secara eksplisit menganalisis bagaimana arus realisme kritis mempengaruhi ilmu-ilmu sosial dan bagaimana karya-karya para peneliti di bawah arus ini mempengaruhi praksis sosial. Analisis ini terutama didasarkan pada tinjauan penelitian kontemporer. Artikel tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa setidaknya ada tiga sudut pandang yang mendasari konsep untuk mendapatkan ilmu pengetahuan. Pertama, pengetahuan - baik pengetahuan ilmiah dan pengetahuan sehari-hari - pada dasarnya bersifat tentatif dalam keberadaannya. Kedua, kemajuan dalam sains secara umum adalah hasil dari praktik coba-coba. Akhirnya, tidak ada penelitian empiris tunggal yang bebas nilai dan oleh karena itu, kecenderungannya untuk ditolak sangat tinggi.References
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Bhaskar, R. (1998) The Possibility of Naturalism. (3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
Delanty, G. and Strydom, P. (2003) Philosophy of Social Sciences: The Classic and Contemporary Reading. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Fetzer, J.H. (Ed.) (2001) The Philosophy of Carl G. Hempel: Studies in Science, Explanation, and Rationality. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fischer, F. (1998) Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 26. No.1, Spring, 1998: Pp. 129-146. Political Science Department: Rutgers University.
Hollis, M. (1994) The Philosophy of Social Sciences: an Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holmwood, J. (2001) Gender and Critical Realism: A Critique of Sayer. Sociology 2001 ; 35 947. http://soc.sagepub.com
Horkheimer, M. (1993) Between Philosophy and Social Science: Selected early writing. Frederick, G.H., Matthew S.K., and John,T. (Trans.): . Cambridge, MA: England.
Klee, R. (1997) Introduction to Philosophy of Science: Cutting Nature at its Seams. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kuhn, T.S. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. (1st ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago.
Kuhn, T.S. (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In Andy Blunden in 1998; proofed and corrected March 2005. Chicago: University of Chicago. Retrieved January 7, 2011 from http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/us/kuhn.htm
Popper, K.L. (1969) Conjectures and Refutations: the Growth of Scientific Knowledge. Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Popper, K. (1972) Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Pratschke, J. (2003) Realistic Models?: Critical Realism and Statistical Models in the Social Sciences. In Jeroen van Bouwel (Ed.) Critical Realism and Methodological Pluralism in the Social Sciences. Philosophica Vol. 71 (Pp. 13 -38).
Ruben, D. and Hillel (1998) Philosophy of Social Science. In E. Craig (Ed.), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge. Retrieved November 05, 2010, from http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/R047
Russell, B. (1980) The Problems of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ryan, A.B. (2008) Post-positivist Approaches to Research. Retrieved November 20, 2010, from: http://eprintsprod.nuim.ie/874/1/post-positivist_approaches_to_research.pdf
Schratz, M. and Walker,R. (1995) Research as Social Change : New Opportunities for Qualitative Research. London: Routledge.
Sayer, A. (2000) Realism and Social Science. London: Sage
Sayer, A. (2000) Thinking System, Lifeworld and Gender: Associational Versus Counterfactual. Sociology 2000; 34; 707. http://soc.sagepub.com
Silva, L. (2007) Post-positivist Review of Technology Acceptance Model. Journal of the Association for Information Systems. Retrieved December 3, 2010, from http://www.allbusiness.com/technology/computing-information-technology-overview/10561457-1.html
Trochim, W.M.K. (2008) Social Research Methods. Retrieved November 05, 2010, from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/positivism.php
Weedon, C. (1987) Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Published
2019-09-06
How to Cite
Ruslin, R. (2019). CRITICAL REALISM IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE. Scolae: Journal of Pedagogy, 2(1), 191-197. https://doi.org/10.56488/scolae.v2i1.29
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